Lupus is a widespread and chronic (lifelong) autoimmune disease that, for unknown reasons, causes the immune system to attack the body's own tissue and organs, including the joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, brain, blood, or skin.

The immune system normally protects the body against viruses, bacteria, and other foreign materials. In an autoimmune disease like lupus, the immune system loses its ability to tell the difference between foreign substances and its own cells and tissue. The immune system then makes antibodies directed against "self."

Symptoms of lupus often mimic other less serious illnesses.

Symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening.

Lupus can go into periods where symptoms are not present, called remission.

Although lupus can affect any part of the body, most people experience symptoms in only a few organs.

Discoid (cutaneous) lupus is always limited to the skin and is identified by a rash that may appear on the face, neck and scalp. Discoid lupus accounts for approximately 10% of all cases.

Systemic lupus is usually more severe than discoid lupus, and can affect the skin, joints, and almost any organ or system of the body, including the lungs, kidneys, heart or brain. Approximately 70% of lupus cases are systemic. In about half of these cases, a major organ will be affected.

Drug-induced lupus occurs after the use of certain prescribed drugs. The symptoms of drug-induced lupus are similar to systemic lupus. The drugs most commonly connected with drug-induced lupus are hydralazine (used to treat high blood pressure or hypertension) and procainamide (used to treat irregular heart rhythms). The percentage of individuals using these drugs who develop drug-induced lupus is extremely small, and the symptoms usually fade when the medications are discontinued. Drug-induced lupus

In approximately 10% of all lupus cases, individuals will have symptoms and signs of more than one connective tissue disease, including lupus. A physician may use the term "overlap syndrome" or "mixed connective tissue disease" to describe the illness.

Based on the results of several nationwide telephone surveys, the Lupus Foundation of America estimates that approximately 1,400,000 Americans have a form of the disease.

Despite the fact that lupus can affect men and women of all ages, lupus occurs 10 to 15 times more frequently among adult females than adult males.

Lupus develops most often between ages 15 and 44.

Lupus is two to three times more common among African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans.

Only 10 percent of people with lupus will have a close relative (parent or sibling) who already has lupus or may develop lupus.

Only about 5 percent of the children born to individuals with lupus will develop the illness.

Lupus is NOT infectious, rare, or cancerous.

Researchers do not know what causes lupus.

While scientists believe there is a genetic predisposition to the disease, it is known that environmental factors also play a role in triggering the disease.

Some of the factors that may trigger lupus include infections, antibiotics, ultraviolet light, extreme stress, certain drugs, and hormones.

Hormonal factors may explain why lupus occurs more frequently in females than in males.

a person's entire medical history,

physical examination, coupled with

an analysis of the results obtained in routine laboratory tests and some specialized tests related to immune status.

Treatment approaches are based on the specific needs and symptoms of each person.

Because the characteristics and course of lupus may vary significantly among individuals, it is important to emphasize that a thorough medical evaluation and ongoing medical supervision are essential to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Medications are often prescribed for people with lupus, depending on which organs are involved, and the severity of involvement.

Commonly prescribed medications include

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),

acetaminophen,

corticosteroids,

antimalarials, and

immunomodulating drugs.